SHORT
PAPER
ENGLISH
LANGUAGE
ECONOMIC
SYSTEMS
CREATED BY :
C THE CHIEF
UNUN NAIMAH (
A210140141 )
C THE SECRETARY
RO’I SATIN
JANNAH (
A210140139 )
C THE MEMBERS
1. RENI HAPSARI (
A210140142 )
2. SHELA TRISNAWATI (
A210140143 )
3. BUDI ARI WIBOWO (
A210140144 )
4. MA’RUF NUR
A.W ( A210140145 )
CLASS D
ACCOUNTING
EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH
OF SURAKARTA UNIVERCITY
2014/
2015
PREFACE
Thanks to God we pray to God the Almighty, because with the help we can finished
paper entitled “Economic System”. Despite the many hurdles and obstacles that
we experienced in the course of the work.
Not
forgetting to thank our lecturers who have helped us in working on this paper.
We also wish to thank my learner friends who also have contributed either
directly or indirectly in making this paper.
In
the final section, we will review the various inputs and opinions from people
who are experts in their field, so we hope it can also be usefull for us together.
Hopefully this paper we make can
make us achieve a better life. Amien...
Surakarta,
25 September 2014
Composer
THE
TABLE OF CONTENT
The Preliminary
................................................................................
A.
Background
................................................................................................. 1
B.
Formulation
Of The Problem ...................................................................... 1
C.
The
Goal
...................................................................................................... 1
D.
Benefits
....................................................................................................... 1
UNIT II
The Discussion
..........................................................................
A. Economic
Systems ....................................................................................... 2
B. The
American Economic Systems
............................................................... 2
C. Economic
Freedom ...................................................................................... 3
UNIT III
A. The
definition from economic terms below !
............................................... 4
B. READING
TASK
....................................................................................... 5
UNIT IV
The Translate
................................................................................................ ....... 12
A. Sistem
Ekonomi
...........................................................................................
12
B. Sistem
Ekonomi Amerika ............................................................................
12
C. Kebebasan Ekonomi
......................................................................................
13
UNIT V
The Closure
.........................................................................................
14
A. The
Conclusion
.............................................................................................
14
B. Suggestion
....................................................................................................
14
BIBLIOGRAPHY
.............................................................................................
15
UNIT
I
THE
PRELIMINARY
A.
Background
Economic problems are
essentially problems of transformation or processing
tools / source
fulfilling / satisfying
the needs, the form factors
of production, namely labor, capital, natural resources and skills (skill)
into goods and services.
Economic system is the whole institution (institution) in the living communities
referenced by the
community in a
predetermined of the goal.
Economic system to address several issues, such as;
1) What should
the goods produced; 2) how to produced
it; and 3)
to whom the goods
are produced or how the goods distributed
to the public.
B.
Formulation Of The Problem
1. What is the definition of
economic system?
2. How many
economic system?
3. Which countries
adhere to their respective economic systems?
C.
The Goal
1. Knowing the
kinds of economic systems
2. Knowing the difference
from any existing
economic system
3. Adding
insights into the economic system
4. Fulfilling
the task of economic systems papers
D.
Benefits
1.
The
author can understand
the differences in the existing
economic system
2.
Adding
insight for writers and
readers
UNIT
II
THE
DISCUSSION
A.
Economic
Systems
Economic
is the management of human ( people ) and material ( money, land, and similar
physical possessions ) resources of society. There are two basic ways by which
economic system may be organized : Capitalism and Socialism. Under capitalism,
the means of producing and distributing goods are privately owned and controlled.
Under economic system of socialism the means of production and distribution are
owned and controlled by the government. In practice the economic system
fungtioning in most countries of the world today have elements of both private
and government ownership and control. However, among the major industrial
nations, the economic systems are quite different.
B.
The
American Economic Systems
The American economic system is
sometimes called the modified free
enterprise or privat enterprise
systems. It is called “ free “ because individual freedoms are an important
part of it. Each American is free to go into whatever business he or she
chooses. People are free to choose whatever area of employment they wish. It is
called “ private ” because most businesses are privately owned and operated,
not run by the government. It is called “ modified ” because the government
controls of its actions. Other names for our economic system are “ capitalism ”
and “ market economy ”.
In a market economy, the consumers
vote in the market place ( through buying or not buying ) to determine the
nature and the price of goods and services produced. The law of supply and demand say that the supply of a good or service will tend to
increase when the demand is great and fall when the demand is low. There are
six important elements of the American economic system :
1. Economic
freedom
2. The
market
3. Competition
4. Risk
5. Profit,
and
6. The
role of government
C.
Economic
Freedom
Many of our freedoms are economic
freedoms. Individuals have the freedom to go into business if they wish.
Employees have freedom to bargain with their employers for wages, benefits, and
working conditions. Workers have freedom to choose the type of work they do. We
have the freedom to own private property; business and individuals can buy or
sell property without government permisssion. As consumers, we have the freedom
to purchase the goods or services we want. So the private enterprise system
gives businesses as well as consumers many freedoms.
UNIT
III
THE
QUESTION
A.
The
definition from economic terms below !
|
No.
|
Economic
term
|
Definition
|
|
1.
|
Benefit
|
The
willingness and capability to purchase goods or services
|
|
2.
|
Capitalism
|
The
means of producing and distributing goods privately owned and controlled
|
|
3.
|
Socialism
|
The
means of production and distribution owned and controlled by the government
|
|
4.
|
Demand
|
A
gain or advantage received by an individual; the amount of indemnity to be
regularly paid; that which fulfills a need
|
|
5.
|
Employer
|
Person
who employs others
|
|
6.
|
Wage
|
Compensation
of employees receiving a stated sum per piece, hour, day, any other unit or
period
|
|
7.
|
Employee
|
Person
employed for wages
|
|
8.
|
Consumer
|
Any
person who uses or consumes goods and services
|
|
9.
|
Production
|
Any
form of activity that adds value to goods and services, including creation,
transportation, and warehousing until used
|
|
10.
|
Business
|
The
buying and selling of goods and services; activity of an individual, partnership,
or organization involving production, commerce, and service
|
B.
READING
TASK
B.1. Answer these questions
1.
Based on the
content of the text, what is economics ?
2.
How many
economic system be developed ?
3.
What is the difference
between capitalism and socialism systems ?
4.
What is the
economic system in most countries ?
5.
What is meant by
modified free enterprise or private enterprise systems ?
6.
What is the law
of supply and demand ?
7.
What elements
are covered in the American economic system ?
8. What
do you think about economic freedom ?
B.2. Choose the best answers
1.
An economic
system of most of the countries in the world is ....
a.
Privately
controlled
b.
Controlled by
the government
c.
Capitalism and
socialism
d.
Controlled by
largest corporations
2.
The focus of
economics is on ....
a.
Production and
distribution
b.
Human and
resource managements
c.
Private
enterprise systems
d.
Supply and
demand
3.
In essence, the
organization of economic system is under ....
a.
Capitalism and
socialism
b.
Liberalism
c.
Provit – sharing
d.
Nihilism and
capitalism
4.
As an economic
system, the private enterprise refers to ....
a.
Governmental
control
b.
Individual
control
c.
Governmental and
individual controls
d.
Market control
5.
The word “they”
in ‘People are free to choose whatever area of
employment they wish’ refers to
....
a.
Actions
b.
People
c.
Elements
d.
Capitalism and
market economy
6.
The word “its”
in ‘It is called modified because the
government controls of its actions’
refers to ....
a.
Economic system
b.
Employment
c.
Business
d.
Government
7.
What is the main
idea of the third paragraph ?
a.
Market economy
b.
Law of supply
and demand
c.
Economic freedom
d.
Prices of goods
and services
8.
In economic
freedoms, consumers ....
a.
Have the freedom
to purchase the goods or services
b.
Have no rights
for spending their dollar
c.
Can’t consums
goods freely
d.
Can complete
with producers
<The
answers of the Task B.1.
1. The
economics is the management of human ( people ) and material ( money, land, and
similar physical possessions ) resources of society.
2. There
are two basic ways by which economic system may be organized, they are
capitalism and socialism.
3. The
difference between capitalism and socialism systems is the capitalism, the
means of producing and distributing goods and privately owned and controlled,
while the socialism is the means of production and distribution owned and
controlled by the government.
4. The
economic system in most countries of the world today have elements of both
private and government ownership and control. However, among the major
industrial nations, the economic systems are quite different.
5. The
American economic system is sometimes called the modified free enterprise or
privat enterprise systems. It is called “ free “ because individual
freedoms are an important part of it. Each American is free to go into whatever
business he or she chooses. People are free to choose whatever area of
employment they wish. It is called “ private ” because most businesses are
privately owned and operated, not run by the government. It is called
“modified” because the government controls of its actions.
6. The
law of supply and demand say that the supply of a good or service will tend to
increase when the demand is great and fall when the demand is low.
7. There
are six important elements of the American economic system, they are
a.
Economic freedom
b.
The market
c.
Competition
d.
Risk
e.
Profit, and
f. The
role of government
8. Economic freedom
is a right held
by any individual
or group to engage in economic activities, for example : Individuals have
the freedom to go into business if they wish. Employees have freedom to bargain
with their employers for wages, benefits, and working conditions. Workers have
freedom to choose the type of work they do. We have the freedom to own private
property; businesses and individuals can buy or sell property without governments
permisssion. As consumers, we have the freedom to purchase the goods or
services we want. So the private enterprise system gives businesses as well as
consumers many freedoms.
<The
best answers of the Task B.2.
1. An
economic systems of most of the countries in the world is ....
a.
Privately
controlled
b.
Controlled by
the goverment
c. Capitalism and
socialism
d.
Controlled by
largest coorporations
2. The
focus of economics is on ....
a.
Production and
distribution
b. Human and
resource management
c.
Private
enterprise systems
d.
Supply and
demand
3. In
essence, the organization of economic systems is under ....
a. Capitalism and
socialism
b.
Liberalism
c.
Provit – sharing
d.
Nihilism and
capitalism
4. As
an economic systems, the private enterprise refers to ....
a.
Govermental
control
b. Individual
control
c.
Govermental and
individual controls
d.
Market control
5. The
word “they” in ‘People are free to choose whatever area of
employment they wish’ refers to
....
a.
Actions
b. People
c.
Elements
d.
Capitalism and
market economy
6. The
word “its” in ‘It is called modified
because the goverment controls of its
actions’ refers to ....
a.
Economic systems
b.
Employment
c. Business
d.
Goverment
7. What
is the main idea of the third paragraph ?
a. Market economy
b.
Law of supply
and demand
c.
Economic freedom
d.
Price of goods
and services
8. In
economic freedoms, consumers ....
a. Have the freedom
to purchase the goods or services
b.
Have no rights
for spending their dollar
c.
Can’t consums
goods freely
d. Can
complete with producers
UNIT IV
THE TRANSLATE
A.
Sistem Ekonomi
Ekonomi
adalah manajemen manusia (individu) dan materi
(uang, tanah, dan
harta benda fisik yang sama) sumber daya masyarakat. Ada dua cara
dasar dimana sistem ekonomi dapat
diselenggarakan: Kapitalisme dan
Sosialisme. Di bawah sistem kapitalisme,
alat-alat produksi dan penyaluran barang adalah milik pribadi dan dikendalikan oleh perorangan.
Di bawah sistem ekonomi sosialisme alat-alat produksi dan distribusi dimiliki dan dikendalikan oleh pemerintah. Dalam praktiknya, sistem ekonomi yang
digunakan oleh sebagian besar negara di dunia saat ini memiliki unsur-unsur keduanya,
baik penguasaan secara pribadi dan pemerintah. Namun, diantara negara – negara industri utama, sistem ekonomi
sangat berbeda.
B.
Sistem Ekonomi Amerika
Sistem
ekonomi Amerika terkadang
disebut sistem perusahaan swasta atau
sistem perusahaan bebas dimodifikasi. Disebut "bebas"
karena kebebasan individu merupakan
bagian penting dari itu. Setiap warga negara Amerika bebas memilih bisnis apapun yang ia pilih.
Orang-orang bebas memilih bidang pekerjaan apapun yang mereka inginkan. Hal itu disebut "pribadi" karena kebanyakan bisnis
dimiliki dan dioperasikan sendiri, bukan
dijalankan oleh pemerintah. Hal
itu disebut "diubah" karena
pemerintah mengawasi tindakannya. Nama lain untuk sistem ekonomi kita adalah "kapitalisme" dan "ekonomi pasar".
Dalam
ekonomi pasar, konsumen memilih di pasar (melalui
membeli atau tidak membeli) untuk menentukan sifat dan harga barang dan jasa
yang dihasilkan. Hukum penawaran
dan permintaan mengatakan bahwa pasokan
barang atau jasa akan
cenderung meningkat ketika permintaan
besar dan turun
saat permintaan rendah. Ada enam elemen penting
dari sistem ekonomi Amerika :
1. Kebebasan ekonomi
2. Pasar
3. Kompetisi
4. Risiko
5. Laba,
dan
6. Peran
pemerintah
C.
Kebebasan Ekonomi
Banyak
kebebasan yang kita miliki dalam ekonomi. Individu memiliki
kebebasan untuk berbisnis jika
mereka menginginkannya. Karyawan memiliki
kebebasan untuk tawar – menawar dengan majikan mereka
mengenai upah, tunjangan, dan kondisi kerja. Pekerja memiliki
kebebasan untuk memilih jenis
pekerjaan yang mereka lakukan. Kita
memiliki kebebasan untuk memiliki tanah milik pribadi, bisnis dan
perorangan dapat membeli atau menjual
tanah miliknya tanpa izin dengan
pemerintah. Sebagai konsumen, kita
memiliki kebebasan untuk membeli barang
atau jasa yang kita inginkan. Jadi
sistem perusahaan swasta memberikan usaha – usaha bagus kepada konsumen.
UNIT V
THE CLOSURE
A. The Conclusion
In
general there are two
kinds of economic systems known in this world, namely
Liberal economic system / Capitalist and Socialist
economic system.
Economic system
above has advantages and disadvantages
of each. Development era proceeded rapidly spawned a new economic systems
that are tailored to the needs of
modern society.
B. Suggestion
Writing
this paper has attempted
optimally, but the author is fully aware that this paper is still far from
perfect Disadvantages and weaknesses that
exist solely due to the limitations of the author, because the author
expect criticism and
suggestions for improvement in the future.
Hope
the author, in his
form this simple paper hopefully helpful
to those in need.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.
Drs. Zainal
Arifin, M.Hum dan Yahuar Ihtiyaroso, SS : English for Economy
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